Middle Eastern
Photo: RubaMorsi · CC BY-SA 4.0

Middle Eastern cuisine is an umbrella term covering the cooking of a region that stretches from Morocco to Iran and from Turkey to Yemen, though in most Western usage it refers to the eastern half of that range: the Levant, Egypt, Iraq, the Arabian peninsula, Persia, and Turkey. There is no single Middle Eastern cuisine, but there are shared grammars: flatbread at every meal, rice pilafs as a foundation, lamb as the prestige meat, yogurt as both ingredient and condiment, and a spice cabinet that includes cumin, coriander, cardamom, cinnamon, sumac, saffron, baharat, and ras el hanout in regional blends.

What unites the region is also a hospitality tradition built around mezze, communal platters, and tea or coffee that closes every meal. The cooking is generally slow and ingredient-led, with stews simmered for hours, breads baked daily, and rice prepared with the precision of a fine craft. Sweets are syrup-soaked and often built around nuts, semolina, phyllo, and rose or orange blossom water.

Within the umbrella, the regional kitchens are distinct enough that 'Middle Eastern restaurant' as a category is usually a Lebanese-Palestinian-Israeli hybrid in practice, with Persian, Egyptian, and Iraqi food typically requiring their own dedicated restaurants to find authentically. Travelers who use the broad label as a wayfinding device often miss the most interesting cooking, which sits inside the regional kitchens rather than at their intersection. A serious eater treats Middle Eastern as a starting point rather than a destination, and learns to distinguish a Damascene from a Beiruti from a Tehrani table within a few meals of arriving in the region.

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Top picks

The best-scored Middle Eastern place in each of 12 cities.

Oleana ★ 4.8

$$$ BostonEastern MediterraneanCambridge

Ana Sortun's Inman Square room has run an Eastern Mediterranean kitchen in Cambridge since 2001. Turkish, Syrian and Lebanese plates from Siena Farms produce.

OrderThe sultan's delight: tamarind-glazed beef on smoky eggplant cream.

TipThe garden patio in summer is one of Cambridge's best outdoor seats. Books out three weeks ahead in season.

Habibi ★ 4.8

€ CologneMiddle EasternNeustadt Sued

Habibi on Zülpicher Strasse in Cologne's Kwartier Latäng serves a fully loaded falafel wrap with houmous, cabbage and hot sauce for under €5; the benchmark.

Yemen Cafe ★ 4.8

$$ DetroitMiddle EasternHamtramck

Yemen Cafe on Joseph Campau in Hamtramck is the quiet Yemeni dining room plating lamb mandi and saltah with cardamom coffee to finish a meal.

Why locals goMost visitors stick to Polish or Lebanese; Yemeni cooking in Hamtramck is the city's quietest immigrant cuisine.

TipLamb mandi and saltah are the orders; cardamom coffee finishes the visit.

El Jannah Granville ★ 4.8

$$ SydneyMiddle EasternGranville

The first El Jannah store, open since 1998 at 4/8 South Street, Granville, serving Lebanese charcoal chicken with toum garlic sauce and crispy chips.

TryCharcoal chicken with toum and chips

Honey Road ★ 4.8

$$$ BurlingtonMiddle EasternChurch Street Marketplace

Cara Chigazola Tobin and Allison Gibson opened Honey Road on Church Street in 2017. The eastern Mediterranean mezze room has been a James Beard finalist.

OrderThe harissa chicken wings, the whipped feta with hot honey and the whole lamb shoulder for the table.

TipReservations open on Resy 30 days out and book out the same day. The bar holds walk-ins and serves the full menu.

Calliope ★ 4.8

$$$ ChattanoogaMiddle EasternMlk

Calliope cooks modern Levantine food from Southern ingredients on MLK Boulevard in Chattanooga, a 2026 James Beard semifinalist for Best Chef: Southeast.

OrderThe seasonal mezze spread for the table before any main.

TipChef Khaled Albanna's room lands on national lists; book table seating ahead on Tock, or take your chances at the walk-in bar.

Zareh ★ 4.8

$$$ MelbourneMiddle EasternCollingwood

Zareh on Smith Street in Collingwood applies Armenian and Lebanese heritage to a wood-fired menu of roasted lamb, spiced rice and labneh; opened in 2025.

OrderWood-roasted lamb with spiced rice and labneh

Orfali Bros 1 ★ ★ 4.7

$$$$ DubaiMiddle EasternJumeirahChef Mohamad Orfali

Orfali Bros in Jumeirah 1, Dubai, is the one Michelin star kitchen of three Syrian brothers, cooking around a two storey open kitchen and pastry counter.

Maydan ★ 4.7

$$$ Washington DCMiddle EasternLogan Circle

Maydan in Washington DC is Rose Previte's James Beard award-winner above 14th Street, a courtyard around a live-fire pit serving North African.

OrderThe lamb shoulder cooked over fire for ten hours, ordered as a family-style bookend.

TipThe booth seats face the fire; ask for one. The pre-shift cocktail flight at the upstairs bar is the value pick.

Shahrazad ★ 4.7

$$ MilwaukeeMiddle Eastern

Shahrazad on North Oakland Avenue on the East Side serves Middle Eastern food in a long-running family-run dining room with shawarma, kebabs and mezze.

Why locals goAn East Side Middle Eastern room locals book but tourists miss, run by the same family since 1991 today.

TipOrder the lamb shawarma plate with extra garlic sauce and a side of tabbouleh.

Irit's Lachuch ★ 4.6

$ Tel AvivMiddle EasternKerem Hateimanim

Irit cooks Yemenite lachuch with a crispy egg, grated tomato and zhug in a small shack-like cafe beside her childhood home on the edge of Carmel Market.

Why locals goA small shack-like cafe beside the house where Irit grew up, behind a bright blue door on a lane off Carmel Market, with no fixed menu.

TipLook for the bright blue door on Simtat HaCarmel; hours can shift, so come mid-morning on a weekday.

Golden Avenue ★ 4.6

BrisbaneMiddle EasternCbd

Golden Avenue is the Anyday group's take on Middle Eastern flavour on Edward Street: smoky charcoal, woodfired breads and a garden terrace under one roof.

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Oleana ★ 4.8

$$$ BostonEastern MediterraneanCambridge

Ana Sortun's Inman Square room has run an Eastern Mediterranean kitchen in Cambridge since 2001. Turkish, Syrian and Lebanese plates from Siena Farms produce.

OrderThe sultan's delight: tamarind-glazed beef on smoky eggplant cream.

TipThe garden patio in summer is one of Cambridge's best outdoor seats. Books out three weeks ahead in season.

Sarma ★ 4.8

$$$ BostonEastern MediterraneanSomerville

Cassie Piuma and Ana Sortun's meze room on Pearl Street in Somerville has run Turkish-style small plates since 2013. Kitchen leans eastern mediterranean.

OrderLamb manti, Turkish dumplings with yogurt and chili butter.

TipOrder the chef's choice tasting; the kitchen will send the best of the night unprompted.

Habibi ★ 4.8

€ CologneMiddle EasternNeustadt Sued

Habibi on Zülpicher Strasse in Cologne's Kwartier Latäng serves a fully loaded falafel wrap with houmous, cabbage and hot sauce for under €5; the benchmark.

Yemen Cafe ★ 4.8

$$ DetroitMiddle EasternHamtramck

Yemen Cafe on Joseph Campau in Hamtramck is the quiet Yemeni dining room plating lamb mandi and saltah with cardamom coffee to finish a meal.

Why locals goMost visitors stick to Polish or Lebanese; Yemeni cooking in Hamtramck is the city's quietest immigrant cuisine.

TipLamb mandi and saltah are the orders; cardamom coffee finishes the visit.

El Jannah Granville ★ 4.8

$$ SydneyMiddle EasternGranville

The first El Jannah store, open since 1998 at 4/8 South Street, Granville, serving Lebanese charcoal chicken with toum garlic sauce and crispy chips.

TryCharcoal chicken with toum and chips

Honey Road ★ 4.8

$$$ BurlingtonMiddle EasternChurch Street Marketplace

Cara Chigazola Tobin and Allison Gibson opened Honey Road on Church Street in 2017. The eastern Mediterranean mezze room has been a James Beard finalist.

OrderThe harissa chicken wings, the whipped feta with hot honey and the whole lamb shoulder for the table.

TipReservations open on Resy 30 days out and book out the same day. The bar holds walk-ins and serves the full menu.

Calliope ★ 4.8

$$$ ChattanoogaMiddle EasternMlk

Calliope cooks modern Levantine food from Southern ingredients on MLK Boulevard in Chattanooga, a 2026 James Beard semifinalist for Best Chef: Southeast.

OrderThe seasonal mezze spread for the table before any main.

TipChef Khaled Albanna's room lands on national lists; book table seating ahead on Tock, or take your chances at the walk-in bar.

Zareh ★ 4.8

$$$ MelbourneMiddle EasternCollingwood

Zareh on Smith Street in Collingwood applies Armenian and Lebanese heritage to a wood-fired menu of roasted lamb, spiced rice and labneh; opened in 2025.

OrderWood-roasted lamb with spiced rice and labneh

Orfali Bros 1 ★ ★ 4.7

$$$$ DubaiMiddle EasternJumeirahChef Mohamad Orfali

Orfali Bros in Jumeirah 1, Dubai, is the one Michelin star kitchen of three Syrian brothers, cooking around a two storey open kitchen and pastry counter.

Aalia ★ 4.7

SydneyMiddle EasternCbd

Aalia is a two hatted Middle Eastern restaurant at 25 Martin Place in the Sydney CBD, named Gourmet Traveller’s NSW Restaurant of the Year 2023.

Maydan ★ 4.7

$$$ Washington DCMiddle EasternLogan Circle

Maydan in Washington DC is Rose Previte's James Beard award-winner above 14th Street, a courtyard around a live-fire pit serving North African.

OrderThe lamb shoulder cooked over fire for ten hours, ordered as a family-style bookend.

TipThe booth seats face the fire; ask for one. The pre-shift cocktail flight at the upstairs bar is the value pick.

Shahrazad ★ 4.7

$$ MilwaukeeMiddle Eastern

Shahrazad on North Oakland Avenue on the East Side serves Middle Eastern food in a long-running family-run dining room with shawarma, kebabs and mezze.

Why locals goAn East Side Middle Eastern room locals book but tourists miss, run by the same family since 1991 today.

TipOrder the lamb shawarma plate with extra garlic sauce and a side of tabbouleh.

Irit's Lachuch ★ 4.6

$ Tel AvivMiddle EasternKerem Hateimanim

Irit cooks Yemenite lachuch with a crispy egg, grated tomato and zhug in a small shack-like cafe beside her childhood home on the edge of Carmel Market.

Why locals goA small shack-like cafe beside the house where Irit grew up, behind a bright blue door on a lane off Carmel Market, with no fixed menu.

TipLook for the bright blue door on Simtat HaCarmel; hours can shift, so come mid-morning on a weekday.

Golden Avenue ★ 4.6

BrisbaneMiddle EasternCbd

Golden Avenue is the Anyday group's take on Middle Eastern flavour on Edward Street: smoky charcoal, woodfired breads and a garden terrace under one roof.

Naïm ★ 4.6

BrisbaneMiddle EasternPaddington

Naïm reimagines traditional Middle Eastern flavours in Paddington; its banquet of the most popular dishes is a three-course meal served family style.

SignatureHummus platter, Carrot falafels

Habibi Falafel ★ 4.6

€ CologneMiddle EasternNeustadt Sued

Habibi Falafel on Zülpicher Strasse in Cologne's Kwartier Latäng serves fully loaded falafel wraps for under €5; best-value street food on the student strip.

Zhug ★ 4.6

$$$ ClevelandMiddle EasternCleveland Heights

Zhug on Cedar Road at Cedar-Fairmount, chef Doug Katz's Middle Eastern mezze room named one of Esquire's best new restaurants, runs a casual high-energy.

OrderOrder four to five mezze for the table including the namesake zhug sauce.

TipReserve on OpenTable; small-plate dinners run faster than the prix fixe.

Neni am Naschmarkt ★ 4.6

ViennaMiddle EasternMariahilf

NENI Naschmarkt at Naschmarkt 510 is a family-run restaurant joining traditional Middle Eastern cuisine with modern flair, with breakfast, lunch and dinner.

TipNENI is built around sharing: its own line is that life is more beautiful when you celebrate it together.

Butcher and Bee ★ 4.6

$$ NashvilleMiddle EasternEast Nashville

Butcher & Bee, a 2022 James Beard Finalist in East Nashville, cooks with heirloom vegetables and pasture raised meats in dishes meant to be shared.

OrderA family style spread of mezze, built on heirloom vegetables and pasture raised meats.

TipOrder a la carte or the chef's choice experience; dishes arrive as they come, and brunch is served every Saturday and Sunday.

Sabich Tchernichovsky ★ 4.5

$ Tel AvivMiddle EasternLev Hair

Sabich Tchernichovsky on Allenby Street in Tel Aviv fills pita with fried aubergine, boiled egg, tahini and amba, and shuts for Shabbat on Friday afternoon.

TrySabich: fried eggplant, egg and tahini in pita

TipPick your toppings at the counter, from tahini and amba to spicy sauce and chopped salad; the pita comes generously filled.

Shmuel ★ 4.5

$ Tel AvivMiddle EasternKerem Hateimanim

Shmuel grills homemade kebabs and Jerusalem mixed grill in pita, ciabatta or on a plate at a Carmel Market diner on Rabbi Meir Street, for lunch only.

TryKebab and Jerusalem mix in pita

TipCome for lunch only; the grill closes by mid-afternoon and there is no dinner service at this market counter.

Falafel's Drive-In ★ 4.5

$ San JoseMiddle EasternWest San Jose

Falafel's Drive-In in San Jose is the 1966 Stevens Creek landmark on Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives, serving crisp falafel in pita with tahini sauce.

TryCalifornia-style falafel sandwich

Hoyo's Kitchen ★ 4.5

$$ ColumbusMiddle EasternDowntown

Hoyo's Kitchen at North Market downtown serves Somali sambusas, suqaar and rice bowls for Columbus's significant Somali population since 2014.

Why locals goInside North Market, the Hassan family's Somali counter is one of the few US Somali restaurants visible to non-Somali Columbus eaters.

TipOrder the beef sambusa and a chicken suqaar over rice Word-of-mouth is the only marketing.

The Palomar ★ 4.5

££ LondonMiddle EasternSoho

The Layo Paskin brothers' Jerusalem-leaning counter and dining room on Rupert Street in Soho London, opened 2014, runs a kitchen-counter front and a calmer.

OrderKubaneh bread (warm pull-apart with tahini and pepper jam) followed by the octopus mishmish main.

TipCounter seats face the open kitchen and take walk-ins. Tables in the back take bookings two weeks ahead.

Middle Eastern by city

Abu Dhabi18 places Tazal, Abu Al Afwal Tel Aviv11 places Irit's Lachuch, Sabich Tchernichovsky Dubai9 places Orfali Bros, Ashwaq Cafeteria Brisbane7 places Golden Avenue, Naïm Rotterdam5 places Restaurant Bazar Late Night, Mecca San Jose5 places Falafel's Drive-In Albuquerque4 places Yasmine's Cafe, Sahara Middle Eastern Eatery Boston4 places Oleana, Sarma Bristol4 places Matina, Souk Kitchen Cologne4 places Habibi, Habibi Falafel Detroit4 places Yemen Cafe Montreal3 places Boustan

Regional variations

Levant

Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Jordan. Olive oil-led, herb-forward, mezze culture, grilled meats, sumac and za'atar. The most internationally visible Middle Eastern kitchen.

Persia

Iran. Rice as the centerpiece (tahdig, polo), saffron and dried lime, slow stews (khoresh), kebabs over charcoal, herb-heavy soups. Distinct grammar from the Arab traditions.

Egypt

Ful medames and ta'ameya (the original fava-bean falafel) as breakfast staples, koshary as the national street food, mahshi (stuffed vegetables), molokhia, hamam mahshi (stuffed pigeon). Heavier use of legumes and grains.

Turkey and the Anatolian-Arab borderlands

Often grouped with Middle Eastern in Western markets though geographically and culturally distinct. Kebabs, meze, pide, lahmacun, and an Ottoman legacy that shaped much of the Levant's restaurant culture.

Iraq and the Gulf

Masgouf (grilled river fish) in Baghdad, machbous and kabsa (spiced rice with meat) in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states, biryani-influenced rice dishes in the eastern coast, dates as a sweet and savory ingredient throughout.

Defining Middle Eastern dishes

Hummus
Chickpeas pureed with tahini, lemon, garlic, olive oil. The signature shared across the Levant and increasingly served region-wide as a starter.
Falafel
Deep-fried chickpea (Levantine) or fava-bean (Egyptian) fritters, served in flatbread or as part of mezze with tahini, pickles, and salad.
Shawarma
Spit-roasted marinated meat shaved into flatbread. The street food of the modern Middle East from Beirut to Dubai.
Kebab
Grilled marinated meat on skewers, in dozens of regional forms: shish (cubed), kofta (ground), Adana (spiced ground lamb), tikka (Persian and Indo-Persian), kabab karaz (Aleppo's cherry-sauce version).
Tabbouleh
Levantine parsley and bulgur salad with tomato, mint, lemon. The benchmark herb salad of the region.
Baba ghanoush
Smoke-charred eggplant with tahini, lemon, garlic. The smoky cousin of hummus.
Kibbeh
Bulgur and lamb shells, fried, baked, or eaten raw (kibbeh nayyeh). The most technically demanding Levantine dish.
Manakish
Za'atar flatbread, the Levantine breakfast, often eaten folded around fresh vegetables and labneh.
Mansaf
Jordan's lamb-and-jameed national dish, served over rice and shrak bread for communal eating.
Koshary
Egypt's national street dish: rice, lentils, macaroni, chickpeas, fried onions, tomato sauce, vinegar-garlic dressing.
Baklava
Layered phyllo with nuts, butter, and syrup. Turkish, Levantine, and Persian versions all claim heritage; the gold standard is Gaziantep's pistachio baklava.
Kunafa
Cheese pastry soaked in syrup, with shredded phyllo or semolina topping. The defining Levantine dessert.

How to order

A Middle Eastern restaurant meal almost always begins with mezze. Order five or six small plates (hummus, baba ghanoush, tabbouleh, fattoush, labneh, muhammara, stuffed grape leaves) for the table and ask for warm flatbread. Then choose one or two mains: a mixed grill (mashawi mishakal), a stew (khoresh in a Persian restaurant, yakhneh in an Arab one), or a rice dish (kabsa, machbous, maqluba) to share. Sides are not really separate; vegetables, pickles, and rice come with the main.

The rookie mistakes: under-ordering mezze (the plates are small, the meal is built on them), ordering one of every protein on the grill platter for one person, expecting individual plated courses (this is a sharing cuisine), skipping the tea or coffee at the end (it is part of the meal, not an option), and treating bread as a side rather than a utensil (in much of the region, bread is the spoon, the fork, and the plate-cleaner). Pace yourself; a Middle Eastern dinner can stretch over two or three hours, and ordering everything at the start is the most common foreigner mistake.

What to drink with it

Tea, mint tea, or cardamom-scented Arabic coffee are the universal accompaniments to a Middle Eastern meal. Alcohol varies sharply by country and community: arak in the Levant, raki in Turkey, Lebanese and increasingly Israeli and Jordanian wine, and almost nothing alcoholic in the Gulf states. With grilled meats, a medium-bodied red works well; with mezze, a crisp white, rose, or arak with water is traditional. Fresh juices (pomegranate, sour cherry, tamarind) and yogurt drinks (ayran, doogh) are the non-alcoholic table options.

Where to eat it

Beirut for Levantine; Tehran and Isfahan for Persian; Cairo for Egyptian; Istanbul for Turkish; Dubai and Abu Dhabi for the broadest pan-regional scenes. Outside the region, London is now the best Middle Eastern food city in the West, with serious Lebanese, Persian, and Palestinian restaurants. Paris, Berlin, Sydney, Toronto, and New York all hold strong scenes anchored by their respective diaspora communities.

A short history

Middle Eastern cuisine descends from the agricultural civilizations of Mesopotamia and the eastern Mediterranean, with continuous written recipe traditions going back nearly four millennia. The medieval Arab cookbooks of Baghdad (Kitab al-Tabikh, 10th century) document many dishes still recognizable today. The Ottoman Empire (1299 to 1922) standardized much of the modern mezze and kebab vocabulary across the region.

Frequently asked

Is Middle Eastern the same as Mediterranean cuisine?

Overlap, not equivalence. The eastern Mediterranean (Lebanon, Syria, Greece, Turkey) shares ingredients and techniques with the wider Mediterranean. Inland Middle Eastern (Iraq, Persia, Gulf) is distinct and not Mediterranean by any measure.

Is all Middle Eastern food halal?

Most restaurants in the region serve halal meat by default, but the cuisine is not exclusively Muslim. Christian, Jewish, and Druze communities have shaped the regional kitchens for centuries, and pork appears in Christian Lebanese and Coptic Egyptian cooking.

What is the difference between Middle Eastern and Mediterranean diet?

The 'Mediterranean diet' as a nutritional concept refers to the eating patterns of southern Europe and the Levant. Middle Eastern food includes the Levantine kitchen plus inland traditions (Persian rice cookery, Gulf rice dishes) that are not part of the Mediterranean diet framework.

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