Indian
Photo: Vyacheslav Argenberg · CC BY 4.0

Indian cuisine is not one cuisine but a vast confederation of regional, religious, and community kitchens stretched across a subcontinent the size of Europe. The conventional split is North vs South, but underneath that lies Bengali, Gujarati, Punjabi, Goan, Kashmiri, Maharashtrian, Tamil, Keralan, Hyderabadi, Awadhi, Sindhi, Rajasthani, Chettinad, and dozens more, each with its own techniques, ingredients, and history. The unifying grammar is the use of whole and ground spices (masala), the dal-rice-roti backbone, and the daily reconciliation of vegetarian and non-vegetarian options driven by Hindu, Muslim, Jain, and Buddhist traditions.

The Indian masala (spice blend) tradition is the deepest in the world. A typical kitchen runs 15 to 30 spices, used whole, dry-roasted and ground, fresh-ground, tempered in hot oil (tadka), or built into wet masala pastes. Garam masala is not a single blend; every region, every community, and many families have their own version. The Indian use of asafetida (hing), curry leaf, mustard seed, cumin, coriander, fenugreek, turmeric, and dried red chile has spread into the cuisines of Southeast Asia, the Middle East, East Africa, and the Caribbean over centuries of trade and emigration.

Vegetarianism is the largest dietary tradition in India. Roughly 30 to 40 percent of Indians eat no meat; vegetarian regional cuisines (Gujarati, Marwari, Tamil Brahmin, Jain) are deeply developed and often considered the most refined in their respective traditions. Indian cuisine has the deepest vegetarian repertoire of any major world cuisine, and the divide between vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes is structural, not a side option.

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Top picks

The best-scored indian place in each of 12 cities.

Trèsind Studio 3 ★ ★ 4.9

$$$$ Tasting AED 1,095DubaiIndianPalm JumeirahChef Himanshu Saini

Trèsind Studio holds three Michelin stars on Palm Jumeirah, a 20 seat room in the St. Regis Gardens serving one tasting menu across the regions of India.

Bukhara ★ 4.8

$$$$ DelhiNorth IndianChanakyapuri

Bukhara has served the same North-West Frontier menu at ITC Maurya in Delhi since 1978: tandoor kebabs, table-wide naan and a black dal simmered for 24 hours.

OrderDal Bukhara, the black dal simmered close to 24 hours, with a tandoori kebab and naan.

TipEating with your hands is part of the ritual, and the naan arrives as wide as the table; book ahead for dinner.

This and That ★ 4.8

£ ManchesterIndianNorthern Quarter

Family-run Indian cafe since 1984, on Soap Street behind the Arndale. The original rice-and-three counter, served canteen-style, still under ten pounds.

OrderRice and three curry: pilau plus chana, saag and a meat curry.

TipOpen 12:00-19:00 weekdays; takeaway queue moves fast at lunch.

Chai Pani ★ 4.7

$$ AshevilleIndian Street FoodSouth Slope

Meherwan Irani's Chai Pani opened in 2009 and won the 2022 James Beard Outstanding Restaurant award. Moved May 2024 to 32 Banks Ave on the South Slope.

OrderThe Sloppy Jai (Indian sloppy joe with a Punjabi spice mix), plus a plate of kale pakoras.

TipWalk-in lunches Mon-Fri are fastest; weekend dinners get a 60-90 minute wait without a reservation.

Himalaya Restaurant ★ 4.7

$$ HoustonPakistani and IndianHillcroft

Himalaya in Houston is Kaiser Lashkari's Pakistani-and-Indian room on the Southwest Freeway since 2004, a James Beard semifinalist kitchen with lamb biryani.

OrderLamb biryani, hunter's beef, chai-glazed lamb chops, garlic naan.

TipWeekday lunch buffet is the value entry. BYOB, with a corner liquor store across Hillcroft.

Gymkhana ★ 4.7

£££ LondonIndianMayfair

Karam Sethi's Albemarle Street Indian dining room in Mayfair London, opened 2013 and Michelin two-starred since 2024, modelled on a colonial-club room.

OrderKid goat methi keema with sesame naan, plus whatever wild-game tandoori cut is being grilled that night.

TipThe basement bar serves the same kitchen as a la carte without the tasting menu lock-in. Book a fortnight out.

Jamavar ★ 4.6

$$$$ Tasting Set menu from ₹8,000 per person non-vegetarian, ₹6,000 vegetarianJaipurRajasthaniOuter Jaipur

Jamavar is the candlelit signature restaurant of The Leela Palace Jaipur at Kukas, serving a Rajasthani set menu in a room of mirror work, by reservation.

OrderThe Jodhpuri gatta curry with masala baati, or the dal baati churma.

TipChildren under 12 are not accommodated and the room is lit by candles, so book ahead on +91 63504 92085; lunch is served only Friday to Sunday.

Bohri Mohalla Kebab Lane ★ 4.6

$$ MumbaiIndianMohammed Ali Road

Bohri Mohalla Kebab Lane is a bohri street food room in Mohammed Ali Road. Smoked mutton with kheema pav is the order; Ramadan iftar is busiest.

Why locals goBohri Mohalla sits off the main Mohammed Ali Road; the kebab lane only fires up at sundown and stays for the Dawoodi Bohra community first.

TipSmoked mutton with kheema pav is the order; Ramadan iftar is busiest.

Dishoom ★ 4.6

££ EdinburghBombay-irani CafeOld Town

The Edinburgh outpost of London's Bombay-Irani cafe chain on St Andrew Square, opened in 2016, a 200-cover all-day room in the old Bank of Scotland HQ.

OrderThe bacon naan roll for breakfast and the 24-hour house black daal at any other meal.

TipNo dinner bookings under six; walk in from 17:30 and the wait is 30 to 60 minutes. Drinks at the basement bar while you wait.

Haoma ★ 4.6

฿฿฿฿ BangkokModern Indian SustainableAsoke Phrom Phong

Haoma in Bangkok's Sukhumvit 31 is Chef Deepanker 'DK' Khosla's zero-waste modern-Indian room with an urban garden, one Michelin star and a Green Star.

OrderThe garden-to-table tasting menu; the tandoor course and the fermented dosa are the canonical sections.

TipClosed Mondays. Garden tables seat six to eight and need 30 days' notice; counter tables go quicker.

Austur-Indiafjelagid ★ 4.6

$$$ ReykjavikIndian101

Austur-Indiafjelagid has cooked regional Indian food with Icelandic produce on Hverfisgata since 1994, the Grapevine's repeat pick for Reykjavik's best.

OrderThe tandoori salmon, the dish that bridges Icelandic fish and a Delhi tandoor.

TipReykjavik's oldest Indian kitchen and a repeat Best of Reykjavik winner. Dinner only, book a table.

Joya's Cafe ★ 4.6

$$ ColumbusIndianWorthington

Joya's Cafe on High Street in Old Worthington is Chef Avishar Barua's Bengali American Columbus daytime room, named for his mother Joya, since 2022.

OrderThe Bengali breakfast plate and a cardamom chai off the tea list.

TipBarua was a 2024 James Beard Best Chef Great Lakes semifinalist; weekday mornings move faster than weekend brunch.

Find a place

Trèsind Studio 3 ★ ★ 4.9

$$$$ Tasting AED 1,095DubaiIndianPalm JumeirahChef Himanshu Saini

Trèsind Studio holds three Michelin stars on Palm Jumeirah, a 20 seat room in the St. Regis Gardens serving one tasting menu across the regions of India.

Bukhara ★ 4.8

$$$$ DelhiNorth IndianChanakyapuri

Bukhara has served the same North-West Frontier menu at ITC Maurya in Delhi since 1978: tandoor kebabs, table-wide naan and a black dal simmered for 24 hours.

OrderDal Bukhara, the black dal simmered close to 24 hours, with a tandoori kebab and naan.

TipEating with your hands is part of the ritual, and the naan arrives as wide as the table; book ahead for dinner.

This and That ★ 4.8

£ ManchesterIndianNorthern Quarter

Family-run Indian cafe since 1984, on Soap Street behind the Arndale. The original rice-and-three counter, served canteen-style, still under ten pounds.

OrderRice and three curry: pilau plus chana, saag and a meat curry.

TipOpen 12:00-19:00 weekdays; takeaway queue moves fast at lunch.

Lily's Vegetarian Indian Cuisine ★ 4.7

££ ManchesterIndian VegetarianRusholme

P G and Lilawati Sachdev opened Lily's in 1972; pure vegetarian, family-run, packed with Manchester regulars. Best Vegetarian 2018 award winner.

OrderThe Lily's thali, a daily-changing tour of Gujarati and Punjabi vegetarian plates.

TipTwenty minutes by tram from Piccadilly; closed Monday and Tuesday.

Mughli Charcoal Pit ★ 4.7

££ ManchesterIndianRusholmeUntil 00:30 Fri-Sat

Manchester's Curry Mile classic since 1991, kitchen open until 00:30 on Friday and Saturday. Charcoal lamb chops, tandoori platters, mango lassi at all hours.

TryCharcoal lamb chops

Chai Pani ★ 4.7

$$ AshevilleIndian Street FoodSouth Slope

Meherwan Irani's Chai Pani opened in 2009 and won the 2022 James Beard Outstanding Restaurant award. Moved May 2024 to 32 Banks Ave on the South Slope.

OrderThe Sloppy Jai (Indian sloppy joe with a Punjabi spice mix), plus a plate of kale pakoras.

TipWalk-in lunches Mon-Fri are fastest; weekend dinners get a 60-90 minute wait without a reservation.

Himalaya Restaurant ★ 4.7

$$ HoustonPakistani and IndianHillcroft

Himalaya in Houston is Kaiser Lashkari's Pakistani-and-Indian room on the Southwest Freeway since 2004, a James Beard semifinalist kitchen with lamb biryani.

OrderLamb biryani, hunter's beef, chai-glazed lamb chops, garlic naan.

TipWeekday lunch buffet is the value entry. BYOB, with a corner liquor store across Hillcroft.

Gymkhana ★ 4.7

£££ LondonIndianMayfair

Karam Sethi's Albemarle Street Indian dining room in Mayfair London, opened 2013 and Michelin two-starred since 2024, modelled on a colonial-club room.

OrderKid goat methi keema with sesame naan, plus whatever wild-game tandoori cut is being grilled that night.

TipThe basement bar serves the same kitchen as a la carte without the tasting menu lock-in. Book a fortnight out.

avatāra 1 ★ ★ 4.6

$$$$ DubaiIndian VegetarianDubai Hills

avatāra in Dubai Hills is the world's first vegetarian Indian restaurant to hold a Michelin star, plating produce led tasting courses each night.

Jamavar ★ 4.6

$$$$ Tasting Set menu from ₹8,000 per person non-vegetarian, ₹6,000 vegetarianJaipurRajasthaniOuter Jaipur

Jamavar is the candlelit signature restaurant of The Leela Palace Jaipur at Kukas, serving a Rajasthani set menu in a room of mirror work, by reservation.

OrderThe Jodhpuri gatta curry with masala baati, or the dal baati churma.

TipChildren under 12 are not accommodated and the room is lit by candles, so book ahead on +91 63504 92085; lunch is served only Friday to Sunday.

Bohri Mohalla Kebab Lane ★ 4.6

$$ MumbaiIndianMohammed Ali Road

Bohri Mohalla Kebab Lane is a bohri street food room in Mohammed Ali Road. Smoked mutton with kheema pav is the order; Ramadan iftar is busiest.

Why locals goBohri Mohalla sits off the main Mohammed Ali Road; the kebab lane only fires up at sundown and stays for the Dawoodi Bohra community first.

TipSmoked mutton with kheema pav is the order; Ramadan iftar is busiest.

Dishoom ★ 4.6

££ EdinburghBombay-irani CafeOld Town

The Edinburgh outpost of London's Bombay-Irani cafe chain on St Andrew Square, opened in 2016, a 200-cover all-day room in the old Bank of Scotland HQ.

OrderThe bacon naan roll for breakfast and the 24-hour house black daal at any other meal.

TipNo dinner bookings under six; walk in from 17:30 and the wait is 30 to 60 minutes. Drinks at the basement bar while you wait.

Dishoom Edinburgh ★ 4.6

££ EdinburghBombay-irani CafeNew Town

The Edinburgh outpost of the London Bombay-Irani cafe on St Andrew Square in Edinburgh, opened in 2016, a 200-cover all-day room in the former Bank.

OrderBacon naan roll at breakfast, house black daal at any other time.

TipNo dinner bookings under six; walk in from 17:30 and wait 30 to 60 minutes. Basement bar pours while you queue.

Haoma ★ 4.6

฿฿฿฿ BangkokModern Indian SustainableAsoke Phrom Phong

Haoma in Bangkok's Sukhumvit 31 is Chef Deepanker 'DK' Khosla's zero-waste modern-Indian room with an urban garden, one Michelin star and a Green Star.

OrderThe garden-to-table tasting menu; the tandoor course and the fermented dosa are the canonical sections.

TipClosed Mondays. Garden tables seat six to eight and need 30 days' notice; counter tables go quicker.

Austur-Indiafjelagid ★ 4.6

$$$ ReykjavikIndian101

Austur-Indiafjelagid has cooked regional Indian food with Icelandic produce on Hverfisgata since 1994, the Grapevine's repeat pick for Reykjavik's best.

OrderThe tandoori salmon, the dish that bridges Icelandic fish and a Delhi tandoor.

TipReykjavik's oldest Indian kitchen and a repeat Best of Reykjavik winner. Dinner only, book a table.

Joya's Cafe ★ 4.6

$$ ColumbusIndianWorthington

Joya's Cafe on High Street in Old Worthington is Chef Avishar Barua's Bengali American Columbus daytime room, named for his mother Joya, since 2022.

OrderThe Bengali breakfast plate and a cardamom chai off the tea list.

TipBarua was a 2024 James Beard Best Chef Great Lakes semifinalist; weekday mornings move faster than weekend brunch.

Joya's Cafe Worthington ★ 4.6

$$ ColumbusIndianWorthington

Joya's Cafe on High Street in Old Worthington is Avishar Barua's Bengali American daytime room, named for his mother, with a chai and coffee program.

OrderThe Bengali breakfast plate with a cardamom chai.

TipBarua was a 2024 James Beard Best Chef Great Lakes semifinalist; weekday mornings are faster.

Jack of Cups Saloon ★ 4.6

$ CharlestonIndianJames Island

Jack of Cups in Folly Beach runs a seasonally evolving Center Street menu of Asian and Indian inspired comfort food. Located in James Island.

TryGlobally inspired comfort food, Asian and Indian flavored plates

TipClosed Tuesdays. Vegetarian and vegan options run alongside the omnivore menu; sidewalk seats out front, courtyard in back.

The Sarvato ★ 4.5

$$$$ Tasting Set tasting menu ₹8,800 plus taxes per personJaipurRajasthaniOld City

The Sarvato serves a set Rajasthani tasting menu inside the City Palace in Jaipur, for dinner only between September and April, by reservation only.

OrderThe set tasting menu, with the wine pairing (₹3,500 plus taxes) if you want it.

TipOpen from September to April, reservation only; the evening lasts 90 to 120 minutes, so arrive for the 19:30 start.

Dhilli ★ 4.5

$$$$ Tasting ₹10,000 for two (approx., without alcohol)DelhiNorth IndianSunder NagarChef Vineet Bhatia

Dhilli at The Oberoi in Delhi, mentored by Michelin-starred chef Vineet Bhatia, builds its whole menu around the multicultural cooking of the capital.

Book2 weeks ahead

TipLunch runs only Friday to Sunday; weekday visits are dinner from 19:00, so book the evening slot midweek.

Sita Ram Diwan Chand ★ 4.5

$ DelhiNorth IndianPaharganj

Sita Ram Diwan Chand fries chole bhature on Chuna Mandi in Paharganj, Delhi, a standing-room counter where the one plate is the reason to come.

OrderChole bhature with the pickled carrots and green chillies on the side.

TipThe kitchen closes at 17:30, so go for breakfast or lunch; people eat standing at waist-high tables outside.

Nadodi ★ 4.5

$$$$ Kuala LumpurIndianKlccChef Sricharan Venkatesh

Nadodi runs chef Sricharan Venkatesh's progressive South Indian tasting menus from the Four Seasons Hotel in Kuala Lumpur, inside the Michelin Guide.

OrderThe multi-course Mile Journey tasting menu of progressive South Indian dishes.

TipMention any allergies at booking; the multi-course Mile Journey menus are set and hard to adjust on arrival.

Ranjit's Kitchen ★ 4.5

£ GlasgowIndianSouthside

Ranjit's Kitchen is a family-run Punjabi vegetarian counter in Glasgow's Southside, serving fresh, meat-free thalis and samosas for under a tenner.

OrderThe thali of the day, whatever the family has cooked fresh that morning.

TipIt is cash-only with a handful of tables; takeaway is the reliable option when the room is full.

Bristol Sweet Mart ★ 4.5

£ BristolIndianEaston

Bristol Sweet Mart has anchored St Marks Road since 1978, a family-run Easton institution stocking over 9,000 products, spices and a curry deli.

Why locals goA world-food emporium on an Easton side street that out-stocks every supermarket in the city.

TipCome hungry: the deli counter's daily curries and Indian sweets turn a grocery run into lunch.

Indian by city

Dubai25 places Trèsind Studio, avatāra Jaipur25 places Jamavar, The Sarvato Delhi22 places Bukhara, Dhilli Abu Dhabi16 places Thalassery Thattukada, Namak Manchester13 places This and That, Lily's Vegetarian Indian Cuisine Mumbai13 places Bohri Mohalla Kebab Lane, Khyber Kuala Lumpur12 places Nadodi, MTR 1924 Glasgow10 places Ranjit's Kitchen, Mother India Asheville7 places Chai Pani, Botiwalla by Chai Pani Bristol6 places Bristol Sweet Mart, Thali Montpelier Edinburgh5 places Dishoom, Dishoom Edinburgh Houston5 places Himalaya Restaurant, London Sizzler Albuquerque1 place Pueblo Harvest Cafe Beijing1 place Indian Kitchen (Sanlitun) Benidorm1 place Tiffin Berkeley1 place Vik's Chaat Bruges1 place Garlic n Greens Cancún1 place Patravali Indian Cuisine Charleston1 place Jack of Cups Saloon Dublin1 place Pickle Galway1 place Giovanni's Ho Chi Minh City1 place Baba's Kitchen Indianapolis1 place Amara Indian Cuisine & Bar Los Angeles1 place Camphor Milan1 place Dawat Nantes1 place Royal Indien Pittsburgh1 place Reva Modern Indian Portland1 place Bollywood Theater Porto1 place Mendi Prague1 place Beas Vegetarian Dhaba Raleigh1 place Chhote's (Transfer Co.) Rotterdam1 place Zainab Roshni Mahal San Luis Obispo1 place Shalimar Indian Restaurant Santa Fe1 place Tulsi Santa Monica1 place Fitoor Shanghai1 place Masala Art Sydney1 place Kolkata Social Tel Aviv1 place Gorkha Kitchen Tokyo1 place Sukiya Shinjuku Higashi-guchi Turin1 place Dawat Vienna1 place Curry Insel

Regional variations

North India (Punjab, Delhi, Awadh, Kashmir)

Wheat country. Roti, naan, paratha, tandoori clay-oven cooking, dairy-rich gravies (butter chicken, dal makhani, paneer dishes), meat curries with yogurt and cream. Mughlai influence: biryani, kebab, korma. The dominant Indian cuisine abroad.

South India (Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra)

Rice country. Dosa, idli, sambar, rasam, coconut-based curries, curry leaves, mustard seed tempering, tamarind. Kerala fish curry, Tamil Brahmin vegetarian, Andhra chile heat, Karnataka filter coffee. The other half of India.

Bengal

Fish and rice. Freshwater fish (hilsa, rohu) in mustard sauces, pancha phoron (five-spice blend), the deep mishti (sweet) tradition (rasgulla, sandesh, mishti doi). Influenced by the British Raj presence in Calcutta and the Bangladesh shared tradition.

Goa

The Portuguese legacy. Vinegar-based curries, vindaloo (originally Portuguese carne de vinha d'alhos), chorizo sausage, pork sorpotel, prawn balchao, sannas (rice steamed cakes). The only Indian cuisine that systematically uses pork.

Gujarat and Rajasthan

Vegetarian strongholds. Gujarati thali (a balanced platter with multiple small dishes, sweet-savory-spicy), dhokla, theplas, undhiyu. Rajasthan adds aggressive desert cooking: dal baati, gatta curry, laal maas. Jain cuisine (no root vegetables, no garlic, no onion) emerges from this region.

Hyderabad and the Deccan

The deepest biryani tradition. Hyderabadi dum biryani, haleem, mirchi ka salan, double ka meetha. Persian-Mughal-Telugu fusion that crystallized under the Nizams.

Defining indian dishes

Biryani
Layered rice dish with par-cooked meat (chicken, lamb, goat) and basmati rice, cooked together with saffron, ghee, and fried onions sealed (dum) in a covered pot. Hyderabadi, Lucknowi, Kolkata, Sindhi, and dozens of other regional versions.
Butter Chicken
Tandoor-roasted chicken in a tomato-cream-butter sauce with fenugreek leaf, kasuri methi, and a touch of sugar. Invented in Delhi in the 1940s (Moti Mahal restaurant) by repurposing leftover tandoori chicken.
Dal Makhani
Slow-cooked black gram (urad) and kidney bean stew, finished with cream and butter, cooked for up to 24 hours. The Punjabi vegetarian benchmark.
Dosa
Fermented rice-and-lentil crepe, paper-thin, served with sambar (lentil-vegetable stew) and coconut chutney. The South Indian breakfast/lunch staple. Masala dosa adds a spiced potato filling.
Tandoori Chicken
Marinated yogurt-spiced chicken cooked in a tandoor (clay oven) at 480 degrees Celsius. The skin chars while the inside stays tender. Originated in Peshawar (now Pakistan) and popularized in Delhi.
Rogan Josh
Kashmiri lamb curry colored deep red by Kashmiri chile (not heat, just color), with yogurt, ginger, fennel, and asafetida. The Kashmiri regional flagship.
Vindaloo
Goan pork curry with vinegar, garlic, dried red chile, and a paste of cumin, cinnamon, clove, cardamom. Despite the Western reputation as the spicy curry, the original is more sour than aggressive-hot.
Chole Bhature
Punjabi spicy chickpea curry served with deep-fried leavened flatbread. The Delhi-Punjab breakfast and lunch staple.
Pani Puri / Golgappa
Hollow fried wheat or semolina puris filled with spiced tamarind water, chickpea, potato, and chutney. Eaten in one bite, the burst of flavors is the point. The Indian street food benchmark.
Masala Chai
Black tea brewed with milk, sugar, cardamom, cinnamon, ginger, clove, and black pepper. Sold at every Indian street corner and railway station; the universal daily drink.

How to order

At an Indian restaurant, order across categories: one curry or two (one meat, one vegetable), one dal, one rice (plain basmati or biryani), one bread (naan, roti, paratha), one raita or yogurt-based side, and pickles (achaar). The traditional way to eat is with the right hand using bread to scoop or rice between fingers; cutlery is acceptable everywhere. At a South Indian restaurant, dosa and idli are breakfast/lunch items; the dinner menu shifts to curries and biryani. Specify spice tolerance honestly; Indian 'medium' can be Western 'very hot'. The order arrives all at once, not in courses; everything is shared. Tap water is usually OK in upscale restaurants but bottled is safer for short-term visitors. Tipping is 10% in cities, less in smaller towns. The rookie mistakes are using the left hand for eating (left hand is reserved for hygiene; eat with the right), drowning everything in raita (raita is a balance side, not a sauce), and treating 'curry' as one dish (curry is a Western umbrella term for dozens of distinct sauce categories: korma, qorma, masala, gravy, jhol, kari, sabzi).

What to drink with it

Beer is the default Indian pair: Kingfisher, Bira, Tuborg in India, plus the rising craft scene. Indian whisky is the most-consumed whisky in the world by volume (Amrut and Paul John are the artisanal high-end). Lassi (sweetened or salted yogurt drink) is the classic non-alcoholic pair, especially with biryani and rich curries. Mango lassi for tourists. Masala chai is the everyday hot drink; filter coffee is the South Indian alternative. Wine pairing is challenging because of the spice level; off-dry Riesling, Gewürztraminer, and rosé handle Indian food better than tannic reds.

Where to eat it

Delhi for Mughlai and Punjabi (Karim's, Bukhara, Indian Accent for modern); Mumbai for the broadest urban variety and the seaside Konkan cuisine; Kolkata for Bengali; Chennai for Tamil and South Indian; Bangalore for Karnataka and the modern fine-dining scene (Karavalli, ITC Royal Vega); Hyderabad for biryani; Lucknow for Awadhi; Amritsar for Punjabi; Goa for Portuguese-influenced. Outside India, London (the deepest Indian food culture outside Asia: Gymkhana, Trishna, Dishoom, BiBi), Birmingham (the balti birthplace), Toronto, New York (Jersey City's Little India and the modern Manhattan scene with Indian Accent NY, Junoon), San Francisco, and Sydney all hold serious Indian kitchens.

A short history

Indian cuisine descends from prehistoric Indus Valley agriculture (wheat, barley, rice, pulses), enriched by 4000+ years of spice cultivation and trade. The Mughal period (1526-1857) added Persian and Central Asian influences (biryani, kebab, korma, naan). The Portuguese (1498-) introduced chiles, potatoes, tomatoes, and cashews. The British Raj (1858-1947) created the Anglo-Indian hybrid cuisine. Post-independence migration globalized regional Indian cooking, with the South Indian, Punjabi, and Bengali traditions spreading separately to the diaspora.

Frequently asked

Is all Indian food spicy?

No. Many regional traditions are mildly seasoned: Gujarati, Tamil Brahmin, Bengali, and Awadhi cuisines are often only lightly spiced. The Indian-British curry tradition popularized the idea of universally hot Indian food, but the cuisine's actual range goes from very mild to extremely hot.

What is the difference between curry, gravy, and masala?

Curry is a Western umbrella term (from Tamil 'kari', meaning sauce). Inside Indian cuisine, the categories are distinct: korma (yogurt-cream gravy), masala (spice-tomato-onion base), jhol (light watery gravy), saag (greens-based), kari (the south Indian curry-leaf-coconut sauce). Each region uses its own terminology.

Why are some Indian restaurants vegetarian-only?

Vegetarianism has deep religious roots in India (Hindu, Jain, Buddhist) and many restaurants are vegetarian by design rather than as an accommodation. A 'pure vegetarian' (shudh shakahari) restaurant will also avoid eggs, sometimes garlic and onion. Gujarati and Marwari restaurants are commonly vegetarian, as are South Indian Brahmin restaurants.

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