Turkish
Photo: Cozhere · CC BY-SA 4.0

Turkish food is built on the Ottoman palace kitchen (which fed up to 10,000 people daily at peak) and the regional cooking of Anatolia (the central Turkish plateau with its lamb, wheat, yogurt, and dairy traditions). Modern Turkey straddles Europe and Asia and the food reflects it: the Mediterranean coast cooks olive oil, seafood, and vegetable-led mezes; the southeast (Gaziantep, Urfa, Adana, Antakya) cooks the Aleppo-influenced kebab and pistachio-based pastries; the Black Sea coast cooks corn, hamsi (anchovies), and dairy; central Anatolia cooks lamb-and-bulgur stews and the pide flatbread.

The cooking grammar is yogurt, olive oil, butter, lamb, eggplant, tomato, peppers (sweet and hot), pomegranate molasses, sumac, mint, parsley, dill, and the four hot spices (cumin, paprika, Aleppo pepper, sumac). Turkish cuisine has more named eggplant preparations than any other cuisine; meze tables routinely run to 20-30 small plates; the kebab tradition is divided into named regional styles (Adana, Urfa, Iskender, Cag, sis, kofte, doner) and each is taken seriously. The Ottoman pastry tradition (baklava, kunefe, kazandibi, lokum) is the deepest sweet kitchen in the eastern Mediterranean.

At the table, Turkish meals begin with meze (cold and hot small plates), continue through grilled meat or stew, and end with baklava and Turkish coffee or tea. The meyhane (raki-and-meze tavern) is the social institution; the kebabci (kebab specialist) is the lunch standard; the lokanta (cafeteria-style stew restaurant) is the workers' lunch.

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Top picks

The best-scored turkish place in each of 12 cities.

Turk Fatih Tutak 2 ★ ★ 4.9

₺₺₺₺ Tasting Tasting menu, market priceIstanbulNew AnatolianŞişliChef Fatih Tutak

Two Michelin stars, a Green Star and a 12-course seasonal tasting menu of chef Fatih Tutak's reworked Anatolian cooking, served to 30 guests a night in Şişli.

Book3 to 4 weeks ahead

İmam Çağdaş ★ 4.8

₺₺₺ GaziantepTurkishSahinbey

İmam Çağdaş has cooked kebab and rolled its own baklava on Uzun Çarşı in Gaziantep since 1887, and the founding family still works both counters.

OrderAli Nazik, then a plate of havuç dilimi baklava from the same counter.

TipSit upstairs, order the Ali Nazik, and buy baklava on the way out rather than eating it at the table.

Kebapland ★ 4.8

€ CologneTurkishEhrenfeld

Kebapland on Venloer Strasse in Cologne's Ehrenfeld is the city's most praised charcoal mangal address; listed on Cologne Tourism for authentic lamb grill.

Mustafas Gemuese Kebap ★ 4.7

€€ BerlinTurkishKreuzbergUntil Fri-Sat 01:30, other nights 23:30

Mustafas Gemuese Kebap on Mehringdamm keeps its grill running past midnight on weekends. Located in Kreuzberg. At Mehringdamm 33. Booking recommended.

TryDoener kebab with grilled vegetables

Sarma ★ 4.7

$$$$ Tasting $75 (chef tasting)BostonTurkishSomervilleChef Cassie Piuma

Cassie Piuma's Sarma in Somerville runs a Turkish-style meze tasting in Boston since 2013. Tasting menu $75 (chef tasting). Book 3 weeks ahead.

Book3 weeks ahead

Aleppo Sweets ★ 4.7

$$ ProvidenceTurkishFox Point

Aleppo Sweets is a turkish room in Fox Point. Closed Mondays and Tuesdays. Order the pistachio baklava and a Turkish coffee for the counter.

Why locals goRefugee-owned Syrian baklava bakery a block off Wickenden, often missed for the louder Federal Hill scene; named to Bon Appetit's Top 50 in 2019.

TipClosed Mondays and Tuesdays. Order the pistachio baklava and a Turkish coffee for the counter.

BAB ★ 4.5

££ ManchesterModern KebabsNorthern Quarter

60-cover Northern Quarter room just off Stevenson Square from The Pen and Pencil team. Theatre-style open chargrill kitchen, flatbreads from scratch.

OrderFlat iron steak kebab with whipped blue cheese, truffle and pickled raisins.

TipBook ahead Thursday to Saturday; basement Honey Trap Club for after-dinner cocktails.

esra ★ 4.4

€€€ AmsterdamTurkishPlantage Oost

esra opened in 2024 on the Oostelijke Eilanden, the Amsterdam room running modern Turkish: house manti, slow-braised lamb shoulder, a mezze table to start.

OrderThe full mezze for the table, then the lamb shoulder to share.

TipBook at least a week ahead. The terrace is the move in summer.

Gök-Oguz ★ 4.4

$$ ChișinăuTurkishRascani

Gök-Oguz on Calea Orheului in Chișinău is the family-run Gagauz and Turkic room, serving shurpa, gözleme and lamb specialties in a Comrat-styled compound.

OrderShurpa lamb soup with freshly baked gözleme on the side.

TipSit in the courtyard in summer; the menu's Gagauz lamb cooks slow, order it 30 minutes ahead if you don't want to wait at the table.

Zeytindali Olijftak ★ 4.3

€€ UtrechtTurkishCentrum

MezeBar and RakiBar steps off the Oudegracht serving daily fresh cold and warm meze, charcoal-grilled kebabs and dry-aged steaks. Located in Centrum.

OrderMixed meze board with grilled lamb chops and raki

Vegab ★ 4.2

$ KrakówTurkishKazimierz

Vegab on Starowiślna near Kraków's Kazimierz is the vegan kebab and zapiekanka counter that beat the city's late-night habit at its own game.

OrderSeitan kebab in pita with garlic sauce and pickled red cabbage; vegan zapiekanka as a backup.

TipCash and card. Open until 02:00 every night; the kebab in pita is the order.

Turkish Kebab House ★ 4.2

$ PittsburghTurkishSquirrel Hill

Turkish Kebab House on Forbes Avenue in Squirrel Hill serves cheap halal Turkish food in Pittsburgh. A doner wrap or kebab plate is a filling, low-cost meal.

TryDoner wraps

Find a place

Turk Fatih Tutak 2 ★ ★ 4.9

₺₺₺₺ Tasting Tasting menu, market priceIstanbulNew AnatolianŞişliChef Fatih Tutak

Two Michelin stars, a Green Star and a 12-course seasonal tasting menu of chef Fatih Tutak's reworked Anatolian cooking, served to 30 guests a night in Şişli.

Book3 to 4 weeks ahead

İmam Çağdaş ★ 4.8

₺₺₺ GaziantepTurkishSahinbey

İmam Çağdaş has cooked kebab and rolled its own baklava on Uzun Çarşı in Gaziantep since 1887, and the founding family still works both counters.

OrderAli Nazik, then a plate of havuç dilimi baklava from the same counter.

TipSit upstairs, order the Ali Nazik, and buy baklava on the way out rather than eating it at the table.

Çiya Sofrası ★ 4.8

₺₺ IstanbulTurkishKadıköy

Chef Musa Dağdeviren's culinary-anthropology lokanta in Kadıköy market, plating regional Turkish dishes drawn from his fieldwork since 1998.

SignatureKebap of the day, Forgotten Anatolian stews, Vegetarian dolma

Neolokal 1 ★ ★ 4.8

₺₺₺₺ Tasting Tasting menuIstanbulModern TurkishKaraköyChef Maksut Aşkar

Chef Maksut Aşkar's Michelin-starred kitchen inside SALT Galata, reviving forgotten Anatolian ingredients on a tasting menu that won the 2026 Michelin.

Book2 to 3 weeks ahead

Kebapland ★ 4.8

€ CologneTurkishEhrenfeld

Kebapland on Venloer Strasse in Cologne's Ehrenfeld is the city's most praised charcoal mangal address; listed on Cologne Tourism for authentic lamb grill.

Tadim Damak ★ 4.8

€ CologneTurkishEhrenfeld

Tadim Damak on Venloer Strasse in Cologne's Ehrenfeld is open 24 hours; lahmacun and chicken shish at any hour; the most reliable late-night feed.

Metanet Lokantası ★ 4.7

₺₺ GaziantepTurkishSahinbey

Metanet Lokantası in Gaziantep opens at 05:00 and sells beyran until the pot runs dry, which is why locals queue before the bazaar wakes up.

OrderBeyran, the lamb and rice broth the kitchen has simmered overnight.

TipGet there before 09:00. The beyran is gone by early afternoon and the kitchen will not make a second batch.

Mevlana Döner ★ 4.7

€ CologneTurkishNippes

Mevlana on Keupstrasse in Cologne-Mülheim is the city's most acclaimed döner; a full dürüm with salad costs under €7 and draws customers across the city.

Mustafas Gemuese Kebap ★ 4.7

€€ BerlinTurkishKreuzbergUntil Fri-Sat 01:30, other nights 23:30

Mustafas Gemuese Kebap on Mehringdamm keeps its grill running past midnight on weekends. Located in Kreuzberg. At Mehringdamm 33. Booking recommended.

TryDoener kebab with grilled vegetables

Sarma ★ 4.7

$$$$ Tasting $75 (chef tasting)BostonTurkishSomervilleChef Cassie Piuma

Cassie Piuma's Sarma in Somerville runs a Turkish-style meze tasting in Boston since 2013. Tasting menu $75 (chef tasting). Book 3 weeks ahead.

Book3 weeks ahead

Aleppo Sweets ★ 4.7

$$ ProvidenceTurkishFox Point

Aleppo Sweets is a turkish room in Fox Point. Closed Mondays and Tuesdays. Order the pistachio baklava and a Turkish coffee for the counter.

Why locals goRefugee-owned Syrian baklava bakery a block off Wickenden, often missed for the louder Federal Hill scene; named to Bon Appetit's Top 50 in 2019.

TipClosed Mondays and Tuesdays. Order the pistachio baklava and a Turkish coffee for the counter.

Kebapçı Halil Usta ★ 4.6

₺₺₺ GaziantepTurkishSehitkamil

Kebapçı Halil Usta grills küşleme over charcoal in Şehitkamil, and the Gaziantep lunch crowd empties the tenderloin allocation most days by 15:00.

OrderKüşleme, the unmarinated lamb tenderloin grilled over charcoal.

TipClosed Sundays and shuts mid-evening. Book the terrace if you want the cooler upstairs tables in summer.

BAB ★ 4.5

££ ManchesterModern KebabsNorthern Quarter

60-cover Northern Quarter room just off Stevenson Square from The Pen and Pencil team. Theatre-style open chargrill kitchen, flatbreads from scratch.

OrderFlat iron steak kebab with whipped blue cheese, truffle and pickled raisins.

TipBook ahead Thursday to Saturday; basement Honey Trap Club for after-dinner cocktails.

Imren Grill ★ 4.4

€€ BerlinTurkishKreuzbergUntil 03:00 daily

Imren Grill on Boppstrasse stays open until 03:00 every night and is Berlin's go-to late-night doener after the clubs. Located in Kreuzberg.

TryDoener kebab and duerüm wrap

esra ★ 4.4

€€€ AmsterdamTurkishPlantage Oost

esra opened in 2024 on the Oostelijke Eilanden, the Amsterdam room running modern Turkish: house manti, slow-braised lamb shoulder, a mezze table to start.

OrderThe full mezze for the table, then the lamb shoulder to share.

TipBook at least a week ahead. The terrace is the move in summer.

Gök-Oguz ★ 4.4

$$ ChișinăuTurkishRascani

Gök-Oguz on Calea Orheului in Chișinău is the family-run Gagauz and Turkic room, serving shurpa, gözleme and lamb specialties in a Comrat-styled compound.

OrderShurpa lamb soup with freshly baked gözleme on the side.

TipSit in the courtyard in summer; the menu's Gagauz lamb cooks slow, order it 30 minutes ahead if you don't want to wait at the table.

Zeytindali Olijftak ★ 4.3

€€ UtrechtTurkishCentrum

MezeBar and RakiBar steps off the Oudegracht serving daily fresh cold and warm meze, charcoal-grilled kebabs and dry-aged steaks. Located in Centrum.

OrderMixed meze board with grilled lamb chops and raki

Vegab ★ 4.2

$ KrakówTurkishKazimierz

Vegab on Starowiślna near Kraków's Kazimierz is the vegan kebab and zapiekanka counter that beat the city's late-night habit at its own game.

OrderSeitan kebab in pita with garlic sauce and pickled red cabbage; vegan zapiekanka as a backup.

TipCash and card. Open until 02:00 every night; the kebab in pita is the order.

Turkish Kebab House ★ 4.2

$ PittsburghTurkishSquirrel Hill

Turkish Kebab House on Forbes Avenue in Squirrel Hill serves cheap halal Turkish food in Pittsburgh. A doner wrap or kebab plate is a filling, low-cost meal.

TryDoner wraps

Jacobs on the Mall ★ 4.1

€€€€ Tasting €55CorkTurkishChef the kitchen team at Jacobs

The most dramatic dining room in Cork, inside the vaulted former Turkish baths on South Mall. A 130-seat restaurant with a private room, serving broadly.

Book1 week ahead

Istanbul Kebab ★ 4.1

€ CorkTurkish, Halal, Late nightCity Centre

Cork's most-reviewed late-night food stop, open until 3am. A full doner wrap with chips comes in under €12 and the quality holds until last orders.

Kent Restaurant ★ 4.1

€€ ViennaTurkishOttakringUntil 02:00 daily

Kent Restaurant on Brunnengasse in Vienna's 16th district runs until 02:00 daily, the city's longest-running halal Doener counter the after-midnight.

TryDoener Kebab

TipThe Iskender is the late-night locals' order; the grilled-lamb skewers are the kitchen's seasonal switch.

Dristor Kebap Lipscani ★ 4.0

$$ BucharestTurkishLipscaniUntil 04:00

Dristor Kebap on Lipscani 41 in Bucharest is the Old Town outlet of the city's biggest shaorma chain, open until 04:00 the entire week for late-night.

TryShaorma

TipCounter service; the special with all four sauces is the order.

Dristor Kebap ★ 4.0

$ BucharestTurkishLipscani

Dristor Kebap's special shaorma comes loaded with garlic-cream, mango, ghost-pepper and chimichurri sauces, the after-hours standby for 25-35 RON.

TrySpecial shaorma

TipOpen until 04:00 Lipscani; the special is the order.

Turkish by city

Gaziantep43 places İmam Çağdaş, Metanet Lokantası Istanbul43 places Turk Fatih Tutak, Çiya Sofrası Cologne18 places Kebapland, Tadim Damak Lille7 places UNIK Kebab Lille Moulins, UNIK Kebab Vieux-Lille Montpellier4 places Nabab Kebab Cork3 places Jacobs on the Mall, Istanbul Kebab Salou3 places Anatolia Toulouse3 places Kebab Saint-Sernin Late, Kebab Saint-Sernin Verona3 places King Kebab, Multani Pizza & Kebab Aarhus2 places Doner House Berlin2 places Mustafas Gemuese Kebap, Imren Grill Bucharest2 places Dristor Kebap Lipscani, Dristor Kebap Amsterdam1 place esra Auckland1 place Kebabs on Queen Beijing1 place Turkish Feast (Xinyuanli) Bordeaux1 place Le Bosphore Boston1 place Sarma Cape Town1 place Ala Turkish Chișinău1 place Gök-Oguz Dubai1 place HuQQabaz Garden Frankfurt1 place Anadolu Metzgerei (Kleinmarkthalle) Galway1 place Capital Turkish Kebab House Nantes1 place Kusadasi New York City1 place ABA Turkish Restaurant Pittsburgh1 place Turkish Kebab House Providence1 place Aleppo Sweets Tel Aviv1 place Nivo Grill Bar Utrecht1 place Zeytindali Olijftak Vienna1 place Kent Restaurant

Regional variations

Istanbul

The Ottoman court legacy: dolma, hunkar begendi (sultan's delight), mantı, the meyhane tradition (Cicek Pasajı, Asmalimescit), the fish restaurants of Kumkapı and the Bosphorus, the Spice Bazaar. Cosmopolitan, layered, the densest restaurant city in Turkey.

Gaziantep and the southeast

UNESCO Creative City for Gastronomy. The Aleppo-influenced kebab tradition: Antep kebab, kıyma kebab, beyran soup, lahmacun, the world's deepest pistachio baklava (Karakoy Gulluoglu, Imam Cagdas). The most ambitious regional kitchen in Turkey.

Black Sea (Trabzon, Rize)

Hamsi (anchovies, prepared 40 ways), corn flour, kuymak (cornmeal-and-cheese), hazelnut, tea. The wet, green northern coast with its own dairy-led kitchen.

Aegean coast (Izmir, Bodrum)

Olive oil and vegetable-led dishes (zeytinyagli), seafood mezes, Cesme melon, fig, olive. Lighter and more Mediterranean than mainland Turkey.

Central Anatolia (Konya, Kayseri)

Mantı (small Turkish ravioli with yogurt and chile butter), pastırma (cured beef, the ancestor of pastrami), iskender kebab (Bursa-origin), tantuni, kuzu tandır.

Defining turkish dishes

Adana kebab
Hand-chopped lamb with tail fat and red pepper, formed on a wide skewer, grilled over charcoal. Named for the city of Adana; the spicier Urfa kebab is the milder cousin.
Iskender kebab
Sliced doner kebab on torn pide bread, topped with tomato sauce, melted butter, and yogurt. Invented in Bursa, 1867.
Lahmacun
Thin Turkish flatbread topped with minced lamb, tomato, onion, parsley, and Aleppo pepper, baked in a hot oven. Rolled around lemon and parsley to eat.
Manti
Small Turkish ravioli filled with spiced lamb, boiled, served with garlic yogurt and chile-paprika butter. The Anatolian dumpling.
Dolma / Sarma
Stuffed vegetables (dolma) or wrapped vine leaves (sarma) filled with rice, pine nuts, currants, herbs, and sometimes lamb. Cold (with olive oil) or hot (with meat).
Mezes (Turkish)
20-30 cold and hot small plates: muhammara (red pepper and walnut), haydari (yogurt-mint), eggplant salad, fava (broad bean paste), cig kofte (raw bulgur-and-lamb), patlican salatasi (smoked eggplant), kisir (bulgur salad).
Pide
Boat-shaped Turkish flatbread, topped with cheese, ground meat, spinach, or sucuk (Turkish sausage), baked in a wood oven.
Kunefe
Shredded kataifi pastry baked over molten unsalted cheese, soaked in syrup, served hot. The signature dessert of Gaziantep and Antakya.
Baklava (Antep)
Layered phyllo pastry with pistachio (or walnut), baked, soaked in sugar syrup. Gaziantep is the global capital; the pistachio variety (Antep fistigi) has PDO status.
Kofte
Hand-formed lamb-and-beef meatballs, grilled or fried, with regional variants (Inegol, Tekirdag, Akcaabat). Served with grilled tomato, pepper, and bulgur pilaf.
Hunkar Begendi
Lamb stew on a bed of smoked-eggplant bechamel. The Ottoman palace classic, said to have been served to Empress Eugenie at Sultan Abdulaziz's table.

How to order

At a meyhane (meze tavern), the meze trolley comes to the table; choose 6-10 cold mezes, then 2-3 hot mezes, then a grilled fish or kebab as the main, then baklava. Raki (anise spirit, the national drink) with water and ice runs the meal. At a kebab specialist (kebabci), order the regional kebab (Adana, Urfa, Iskender, Cag depending on the city), with grilled tomato, pepper, and onion, raw onion salad with sumac, ayran (salted yogurt drink) or red lentil soup. At a lokanta (cafeteria), point at the trays of stew; order one stew, one rice, one salad.

The rookie mistakes: ordering Iskender outside Bursa or Istanbul (Iskender is regional and most other regions do it poorly), expecting Western-style kebab (Turkish kebab is hand-chopped or shaved off vertical rotisserie, never the pressed reformed meat from chain kebab shops), and asking for non-spicy Adana (the Adana kebab is defined by Maras and Urfa red pepper; without them, it's not Adana).

What to drink with it

Raki is the Turkish national drink: anise-flavored, 45-50% ABV, served with water that turns it milky white (the lion's milk effect). Drunk slowly across a long meze meal. Turkish wine is improving fast: Kalecik Karasi (an indigenous red), Okuzgozu and Bogazkere (the eastern reds), Narince (white from central Anatolia), Emir (white from Cappadocia). Efes Pilsen is the workhorse beer. Ayran (cold salted yogurt drink) with kebab. Turkish coffee (sand-brewed, served unfiltered) and cay (black tea in tulip-shaped glasses) at the end of every meal.

Where to eat it

Istanbul for the meze tavern (Cicek Pasajı, Asmalimescit), the fish restaurants of Kumkapı and Bebek, and the Ottoman-court cooking at Asitane; Gaziantep for the global baklava capital and the deepest kebab tradition (Imam Cagdas, Karakoy Gulluoglu, Metanet Lokantasi); Bursa for the original Iskender and Cag kebab; Adana and Urfa for the southeast kebab tradition. Outside Turkey: Berlin (the largest Turkish population outside Turkey, with serious doner and kebab culture), London (the Green Lanes Turkish-Cypriot corridor), Vienna, and Amsterdam.

A short history

Turkish cuisine inherits from the Ottoman court kitchen (1453-1923), which centralized regional Anatolian, Balkan, Levantine, and Persian traditions into the most cosmopolitan cooking culture in the early-modern Mediterranean. The Topkapi Palace kitchens employed thousands of cooks; the modern Turkish meze, kebab, dolma, and baklava traditions all crystallized there. Modern Turkish food preserved this Ottoman repertoire through the republican period and added regional specialties from across Anatolia. Gaziantep was designated a UNESCO Creative City for Gastronomy in 2015.

Frequently asked

Is Turkish food the same as Middle Eastern food?

It shares ingredients (lamb, yogurt, eggplant, pomegranate, phyllo, bulgur) and some dishes (kebabs, dolma, baklava) with the broader Levantine cuisines (Lebanese, Syrian, Palestinian), but Turkish cooking has its own clear identity: heavier on Anatolian wheat and bulgur, deeper kebab tradition, stronger Ottoman palace inheritance, and more regional differentiation.

What's the best Turkish kebab?

Depends on the region. For hand-chopped spicy lamb: Adana. For the milder version: Urfa. For sliced doner with yogurt and tomato sauce: Iskender (Bursa). For the deepest spice: Antep kebab from Gaziantep. The southeast (Adana through Antakya) is the kebab heartland.

How strong is raki?

45-50% ABV. Drink it slowly with water (added to taste, usually 1 part raki to 1-2 parts water) and meze across a 2-3 hour meal. Drinking raki neat or fast is a tourist mistake; the Turks pace it across the food.

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