Soul food
Photo: Clancy Ratliff from St. Paul, MN, U.S. · CC BY-SA 2.0

Soul food is the cooking of Black Americans, descended from West African agricultural and culinary traditions carried through the trans-Atlantic slave trade, transformed by the foodways of the antebellum South (where enslaved people often cooked for plantation households with the cuts of meat and vegetables they were given access to), and codified by the Great Migration of the 20th century that carried six million Black Americans from the South to the cities of the North and West. The term 'soul food' itself was popularized in the 1960s as part of the Black Power movement's cultural assertion, and it identifies a specific cooking tradition: the Black Southern kitchen.

The defining grammar is collard greens slow-cooked with smoked pork (turkey neck, ham hock, smoked turkey wings in modern kitchens), fried chicken with a buttermilk soak and seasoned-flour dredge, cornbread (Southern style: skillet-baked, less sweet than the Northern version), mac and cheese baked in a casserole with multiple cheeses, candied yams (actually sweet potatoes, glazed with brown sugar and butter), black-eyed peas with smoked pork or turkey, okra and tomatoes, fried catfish, smothered pork chops, oxtails, neckbones, chitterlings (hog intestines, slow-cooked), and a parade of pies (sweet potato, pecan, peach cobbler) and cakes (red velvet, pound, caramel) for dessert.

Soul food is distinct from Southern food broadly (which includes white-Southern cooking and overlaps with soul food) and from Lowcountry, Cajun, and Creole traditions. The institutions are Sunday dinner after church, the family reunion, the funeral repast, and the soul food restaurant: cafeteria-line counters in Atlanta, Memphis, Detroit, and Harlem; sit-down places like Sylvia's in Harlem and Dooky Chase in New Orleans; and the home kitchens where the tradition is most fully alive.

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Top picks

The best-scored soul food place in each of 12 cities.

The Grey ★ 4.9

$$$$ SavannahSoul foodHistoric District

Mashama Bailey's Grey runs from a restored 1938 Greyhound bus terminal on MLK, a Port City Southern menu rooted in West African and Lowcountry technique.

OrderWhatever is running in the dining room that night; the bar serves a tighter Diner Bar menu walk-up.

TipBook via Resy for the formal Dining Room. The Diner Bar takes walk-ups along the bar and runs a la carte until close.

Husk ★ 4.9

$$$$ CharlestonModern SouthernDowntown

Sean Brock's Husk in Charleston opened on Queen Street in 2010 and rebuilt Southern fine dining around heritage Anson Mills grains, Sea Island peas.

OrderThe skillet cornbread with bacon-fat butter, plus whatever the wood grill is running tonight.

TipBook on huskcharleston.com. The bar serves the full menu walk-up from 17:00 onward, no reservations needed.

Elvie's ★ 4.8

$$$ JacksonSoul food

Elvie's holds a Michelin Bib Gourmand for its Mississippi French menu: Gulf oysters, duck fat frites, and duck confit cassoulet in a marble-bar dining room.

OrderGulf oysters and duck fat frites at the marble bar, or the redfish meuniere at dinner

TipWalk-in breakfast is the city's best-value Michelin meal; arrive before 09:30 for a table.

Niki's West ★ 4.8

$$ BirminghamSoul FoodAcipco Finley

Niki's West on Finley Avenue West Birmingham has run the canonical meat-and-three since 1957, with a cafeteria steam table by the Alabama Farmers Market.

SignatureFried catfish, Turnip greens, Cornbread

L'Opossum ★ 4.8

$$$$ Tasting $95-145RichmondSoul foodOregon HillChef David Shannon

L'Opossum in Oregon Hill is David Shannon's quirky French-Southern fine-dining room. James Beard Best Chef Mid-Atlantic semifinalist (2016) and Southern.

Book3 to 4 weeks ahead

Burdell ★ 4.8

$$ OaklandSoul FoodTemescal

Burdell in Oakland's Temescal opens for Sunday brunch with a Southern gravy-anchored menu. The Michelin Recommended room flips to brunch service on Sundays.

OrderSunday gravy-inspired brunch plate.

TipSunday brunch service runs 11 to 2 only, then resumes for dinner. Book the 1 pm slot to roll straight into the afternoon.

610 Magnolia ★ 4.8

$$$$ LouisvilleSoul foodOld Louisville

Edward Lee's 610 Magnolia in Louisville runs a weekly tasting menu out of an Old Louisville Victorian, the chef's Southern-Korean flagship since 2003.

OrderWhatever the night's tasting menu opens with, then a bourbon pairing flight from the cellar.

TipBook on OpenTable for parties of six or fewer. Wednesday and Thursday seats open up first.

Stella's Southern Brasserie ★ 4.8

$$$ GreenvilleAmerican, Southern BistroDowntown

Stella's Southern Brasserie runs French-influenced Southern from a Rocky Slope Road storefront: shrimp and grits, fried green tomatoes, bourbon-pecan tart.

SignatureShrimp and grits, Fried green tomatoes, Bourbon-pecan tart

Supperland ★ 4.7

$$$ CharlotteModern SouthernPlaza Midwood

Jeff Tonidandel and Jamie Brown's Supperland in Plaza Midwood is a Michelin-recommended Southern dining room set inside a converted 1950s church.

OrderWhatever is coming off the hearth; the kitchen builds the menu around live-fire cooking.

TipBeverage director Colleen Hughes won Michelin's Exceptional Cocktails Award in 2025. Order a drink from her list, then book the Sunday supper.

Good Hot Fish ★ 4.7

$ AshevilleSoul foodSouth Slope

Ashleigh Shanti's Good Hot Fish at Burial's South Slope runs a $14 fried catfish basket as standard. Hush puppies, slaw dog and Carolina mustard included.

TryFried catfish basket

TipOrder at the counter upstairs. Closed Mondays and Tuesdays. Beer downstairs at Burial.

Lockeland Table ★ 4.7

$$$ NashvilleSouthernEast Nashville

Chef Hal Holden-Bache's Five Points room in East Nashville opened 2012 in a corner storefront, running wood-fired pizzas and Southern-accented neighbourhood.

OrderMargherita pizza from the wood oven and the pork chop.

TipHappy hour 16:00-17:30 runs half-price pizza and pours at the bar; James Beard Community Kitchen nominee.

Paschal's ★ 4.7

$$ AtlantaSoul FoodDowntown

Paschal's in Atlanta has served soul food since 1947, when brothers Robert and James Paschal opened on Hunter Street. Located in Downtown. Priced at $$.

OrderFried chicken plate with collard greens, mac and cheese, candied yams.

TipThe current Castleberry Hill location since 2002 expanded with a banquet space; the original Hunter Street site is preserved at Clark Atlanta.

Find a place

The Grey ★ 4.9

$$$$ SavannahSoul foodHistoric District

Mashama Bailey's Grey runs from a restored 1938 Greyhound bus terminal on MLK, a Port City Southern menu rooted in West African and Lowcountry technique.

OrderWhatever is running in the dining room that night; the bar serves a tighter Diner Bar menu walk-up.

TipBook via Resy for the formal Dining Room. The Diner Bar takes walk-ups along the bar and runs a la carte until close.

Husk ★ 4.9

$$$$ CharlestonModern SouthernDowntown

Sean Brock's Husk in Charleston opened on Queen Street in 2010 and rebuilt Southern fine dining around heritage Anson Mills grains, Sea Island peas.

OrderThe skillet cornbread with bacon-fat butter, plus whatever the wood grill is running tonight.

TipBook on huskcharleston.com. The bar serves the full menu walk-up from 17:00 onward, no reservations needed.

Elvie's ★ 4.8

$$$ JacksonSoul food

Elvie's holds a Michelin Bib Gourmand for its Mississippi French menu: Gulf oysters, duck fat frites, and duck confit cassoulet in a marble-bar dining room.

OrderGulf oysters and duck fat frites at the marble bar, or the redfish meuniere at dinner

TipWalk-in breakfast is the city's best-value Michelin meal; arrive before 09:30 for a table.

Husk Savannah ★ 4.8

$$$$ SavannahSoul foodHistoric District

The fourth Husk opened on Oglethorpe in January 2018, running the heritage-grain Lowcountry programme Sean Brock built at the original Charleston room.

OrderWhatever the wood grill is running tonight, paired with a glass of small-producer Southern wine.

TipReserve via Resy. The bar serves the full menu walk-in 17:00 onwards. Brunch runs Saturday and Sunday 10:00-14:00.

Common Thread ★ 4.8

$$$$ SavannahSoul foodThomas Square

Brandon Carter's Common Thread on East 37th, a Bon Appetit Best New Restaurant 2022 and a 2025 James Beard Best Chef Southeast semifinalist. Victorian house.

OrderThe chef's tasting; menu rotates with the market.

TipReserve on Resy. Tasting and a la carte both run; check the menu page before booking.

Niki's West ★ 4.8

$$ BirminghamSoul FoodAcipco Finley

Niki's West on Finley Avenue West Birmingham has run the canonical meat-and-three since 1957, with a cafeteria steam table by the Alabama Farmers Market.

SignatureFried catfish, Turnip greens, Cornbread

Eagle's Restaurant ★ 4.8

$$ BirminghamSoul FoodSmithfield

Eagle's Restaurant on 16th Street North in Smithfield is the Black-owned soul-food anchor since 1951, with Friday catfish and weekday meat-and-three plates.

SignatureSmothered pork chop, Fried catfish, Greens and cornbread

L'Opossum ★ 4.8

$$$$ Tasting $95-145RichmondSoul foodOregon HillChef David Shannon

L'Opossum in Oregon Hill is David Shannon's quirky French-Southern fine-dining room. James Beard Best Chef Mid-Atlantic semifinalist (2016) and Southern.

Book3 to 4 weeks ahead

Burdell ★ 4.8

$$ OaklandSoul FoodTemescal

Burdell in Oakland's Temescal opens for Sunday brunch with a Southern gravy-anchored menu. The Michelin Recommended room flips to brunch service on Sundays.

OrderSunday gravy-inspired brunch plate.

TipSunday brunch service runs 11 to 2 only, then resumes for dinner. Book the 1 pm slot to roll straight into the afternoon.

610 Magnolia ★ 4.8

$$$$ LouisvilleSoul foodOld Louisville

Edward Lee's 610 Magnolia in Louisville runs a weekly tasting menu out of an Old Louisville Victorian, the chef's Southern-Korean flagship since 2003.

OrderWhatever the night's tasting menu opens with, then a bourbon pairing flight from the cellar.

TipBook on OpenTable for parties of six or fewer. Wednesday and Thursday seats open up first.

Stella's Southern Brasserie ★ 4.8

$$$ GreenvilleAmerican, Southern BistroDowntown

Stella's Southern Brasserie runs French-influenced Southern from a Rocky Slope Road storefront: shrimp and grits, fried green tomatoes, bourbon-pecan tart.

SignatureShrimp and grits, Fried green tomatoes, Bourbon-pecan tart

Bully's Restaurant ★ 4.7

$ JacksonSoul Food

Bully's is Jackson's James Beard-winning soul food institution, with steam-table oxtails, neckbones, catfish, and homemade cobblers from a morning start.

OrderOxtails with greens, mac and cheese, and a slice of sweet potato cobbler

TipThe steam table closes when the food runs out, usually by 15:00; arrive at opening for the full selection.

Lemaire ★ 4.7

$$$$ RichmondSoul foodDowntown

Lemaire inside the Jefferson Hotel is named for Etienne Lemaire, Thomas Jefferson's maitre d'. Chef Patrick Willis since 2009; grande dame of RVA.

SignatureVirginia ham, She-crab soup, Tasting menu

Supperland ★ 4.7

$$$ CharlotteModern SouthernPlaza Midwood

Jeff Tonidandel and Jamie Brown's Supperland in Plaza Midwood is a Michelin-recommended Southern dining room set inside a converted 1950s church.

OrderWhatever is coming off the hearth; the kitchen builds the menu around live-fire cooking.

TipBeverage director Colleen Hughes won Michelin's Exceptional Cocktails Award in 2025. Order a drink from her list, then book the Sunday supper.

Good Hot Fish ★ 4.7

$ AshevilleSoul foodSouth Slope

Ashleigh Shanti's Good Hot Fish at Burial's South Slope runs a $14 fried catfish basket as standard. Hush puppies, slaw dog and Carolina mustard included.

TryFried catfish basket

TipOrder at the counter upstairs. Closed Mondays and Tuesdays. Beer downstairs at Burial.

Lockeland Table ★ 4.7

$$$ NashvilleSouthernEast Nashville

Chef Hal Holden-Bache's Five Points room in East Nashville opened 2012 in a corner storefront, running wood-fired pizzas and Southern-accented neighbourhood.

OrderMargherita pizza from the wood oven and the pork chop.

TipHappy hour 16:00-17:30 runs half-price pizza and pours at the bar; James Beard Community Kitchen nominee.

Paschal's ★ 4.7

$$ AtlantaSoul FoodDowntown

Paschal's in Atlanta has served soul food since 1947, when brothers Robert and James Paschal opened on Hunter Street. Located in Downtown. Priced at $$.

OrderFried chicken plate with collard greens, mac and cheese, candied yams.

TipThe current Castleberry Hill location since 2002 expanded with a banquet space; the original Hunter Street site is preserved at Clark Atlanta.

Busy Bee Cafe ★ 4.7

$$ AtlantaSoul FoodDowntown

Busy Bee Cafe in Atlanta opened 1947 on MLK Drive and won the James Beard America's Classics Award in 2022 for its decades of soul food service near the AUC.

OrderFried chicken with two sides; the oxtails on lunch special when available.

TipCash and card. Lunch and early dinner only Tuesday to Sunday; line forms before noon weekends.

Olamaie ★ 4.7

$$$$ AustinModern SouthernDowntown

Olamaie in Austin is Michael Fojtasek's Michelin-starred Southern dining room in a converted house near downtown, named for three generations of women.

OrderThe off-menu biscuits with whipped honey butter, requested as soon as you sit down.

TipThe four-course prix fixe is built with chef de cuisine Amanda Turner; vegetarian path is available on request.

TrimTab Brewing Co. ★ 4.6

$$ BirminghamSoul foodLakeviewUntil Fri-Sat 24:00

TrimTab Brewing on 5th Avenue South Lakeview Birmingham stays open until midnight Friday and Saturday with the Paradise Now fruited-sour series and snacks.

TryFruited sours and snacks

Mama J's Kitchen ★ 4.6

$$ RichmondSoul FoodJackson Ward

Velma Johnson's soul food kitchen on 1st Street in Jackson Ward, opened 2009 by her son. Sunday-dinner Southern cooking in the Harlem of the South.

SignatureFried catfish, Collard greens, Mac and cheese

Leah and Louise ★ 4.6

$$$ CharlotteSoul FoodWest Charlotte

Greg and Subrina Collier's Leah and Louise is the Memphis juke-joint Southern kitchen that left Camp North End in 2024 for a larger home in west Charlotte.

OrderThe hot tamale, the catfish plate and whatever Mississippi River Valley special is on the board.

TipThe new west-end home opened in 2025. Check the operator's site or Resy for the current address before booking.

The Four Way ★ 4.6

$$ MemphisSoul FoodSouth Memphis

The Four Way is Memphis's defining Black-owned soul food room on Mississippi Boulevard since 1946. Martin Luther King Jr. ate here; the walls show the guests.

OrderSmothered turkey wings, collard greens, mac and cheese, sweet potato pie.

TipOpen Wednesday to Saturday for lunch only, 11:00-17:00. Cash and card both fine.

Husk Nashville ★ 4.6

$$$ NashvilleSouthernDowntown

Sean Brock's Rutledge Hill institution in Nashville cooks ingredient-driven Southern food on a wood hearth, run today by chef de cuisine Brian Baxter.

OrderThe cornbread skillet, then whatever the menu lists from the wood hearth.

TipLunch is a quieter seat with the same kitchen. Book the porch in spring; it overlooks downtown.

Soul food by city

Jackson29 places Elvie's, Bully's Restaurant Savannah24 places The Grey, Husk Savannah Birmingham19 places Niki's West, Eagle's Restaurant Richmond16 places L'Opossum, Lemaire Chattanooga13 places Public House, Champy's Famous Fried Chicken Charlotte12 places Supperland, Leah and Louise Lexington12 places Distilled on Jefferson, The Merrick Inn Asheville10 places Good Hot Fish, Sunny Point Café Charleston10 places Husk, Bertha's Kitchen Memphis10 places The Four Way, Alcenia's Nashville10 places Lockeland Table, Husk Nashville Oakland9 places Burdell, Souley Vegan Chicago1 place Big Jones Detroit1 place Cornbread Restaurant & Bar Fort Worth1 place Ellerbe Fine Foods Indianapolis1 place His Place Eatery Miami1 place Yardbird Oklahoma City1 place Blackxican Soul Food Shak Philadelphia1 place Honey's Sit 'n Eat Phoenix1 place Lo-Lo's Chicken & Waffles Portland1 place Screen Door Eastside Santa Fe1 place Radish & Rye St. Louis1 place Grace Meat + Three Tallinn1 place FUME Tampa1 place Mangos Southern Kitchen and Bar Vancouver1 place Juke Fried Chicken Zurich1 place Bauernschaenke

Regional variations

Deep South (Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia)

The originating geography. Collards, fried chicken, cornbread, sweet tea, fried catfish, biscuits and gravy. Atlanta is the modern soul-food capital, with Mary Mac's, Paschal's, and Busy Bee anchoring the institution-grade restaurants.

Northern Migration cities (Harlem, Detroit, Chicago, DC, LA)

The Great Migration carried the cuisine to Harlem (Sylvia's, Amy Ruth's, Melba's), Detroit (Beans & Cornbread, Steve's Soul Food), Chicago (Pearl's Place, Soul Veg), Washington DC (Florida Avenue Grill), and South Central LA. Each city's soul food scene has its own twist; LA leans vegan-friendly, Detroit leans heavier on Coney-Island-style chili.

Texas Black cooking

Distinct overlap with Southern soul food, but with stronger BBQ influence and East Texas catfish. Houston and Dallas have serious Black-Southern restaurants that mix soul food with Texas BBQ.

Veggie soul / Soul food reform

From the 1970s onward, a Black vegetarian and vegan movement (often connected to Rastafarian, Nation of Islam, or health-reform communities) has built its own soul food: vegan mac and cheese, jackfruit pulled barbecue, smoked-paprika collards. Souley Vegan in Oakland and Slutty Vegan in Atlanta are the modern leading lights.

Defining soul food dishes

Fried chicken
Bone-in pieces brined or buttermilk-soaked, dredged in seasoned flour (often with hot sauce mixed in), fried in lard or peanut oil in a cast iron pan or deep fryer. The defining Black Southern dish; the lineage of every American fried chicken chain runs through it.
Collard greens
Slow-cooked with smoked pork (ham hock, turkey neck, or fatback), onion, garlic, vinegar, hot sauce, and water until tender (an hour and a half to three hours). The pot liquor (the cooking liquid) is sipped or sopped with cornbread.
Cornbread
Skillet-baked in a hot cast iron pan with bacon fat or butter. Southern style is less sweet than Northern; the texture is crumbly and slightly crisp on the bottom. Eaten with greens, beans, or as a side to almost any meal.
Mac and cheese
Baked casserole, not stovetop, with two or three cheeses (sharp cheddar, often with American or Velveeta for melt), eggs, evaporated milk, and a top crust of cheese. Sweeter and denser than the Italian-American version.
Candied yams
Sweet potatoes (technically not yams), sliced and baked or stewed with butter, brown sugar, cinnamon, nutmeg, and vanilla. The defining Thanksgiving and Sunday-dinner side.
Black-eyed peas
Cooked with smoked pork, onion, and bay leaf. The New Year's Day tradition (for luck), often paired with collards (for money) and cornbread (for gold).
Fried catfish
Whole or filet, dredged in seasoned cornmeal, deep-fried, and served with hot sauce, lemon, and hush puppies. Mississippi and Delta-style is the deepest tradition.
Smothered pork chops
Bone-in pork chops floured, browned, then smothered in onion-and-pan-drippings gravy and simmered until tender. Served over rice or mashed potatoes.
Oxtails
Slow-braised oxtails in a deep brown gravy with onion, garlic, and tomato, served over rice or with mashed potatoes. A celebration dish in many soul-food households.
Chitterlings (chitlins)
Hog intestines, slow-cooked with onion and vinegar after a thorough cleaning. A peasant-tradition dish carried forward from antebellum cooking; eaten with hot sauce and cornbread.
Sweet potato pie
The Black Southern dessert: baked sweet potato pureed with butter, brown sugar, eggs, evaporated milk, and warm spices, in a flaky crust. Distinct from pumpkin pie in texture (creamier) and flavor (richer).
Peach cobbler
Sliced peaches under a biscuit or pie-crust topping, baked with butter, sugar, and cinnamon. The Southern fruit dessert across both Black and white Southern kitchens.

How to order

A soul-food cafeteria works the line: pick a meat (fried chicken, smothered pork chop, oxtails, fried catfish, meatloaf, baked chicken), then two or three sides (collards, mac and cheese, yams, black-eyed peas, cabbage, sweet potatoes, corn), with cornbread on the tray. Sweet tea is the default drink. At a sit-down soul-food restaurant, the menu is the same but presented as a plated meal. Many places offer a Sunday brunch with fried chicken and waffles, grits, and biscuits.

The rookie mistakes: under-ordering sides (sides are the meal, not a supplement to the meat), declining cornbread (it is the bread for the meal), missing the hot sauce on the table (Texas Pete, Crystal, or Frank's, used on greens and catfish), tipping less than 20 percent at a family-owned soul restaurant (cash tip preferred), and ordering a single piece of fried chicken (the dark meat and the white meat plus a wing is the standard portion). Sundays after church are the busiest day of the week.

What to drink with it

Sweet tea, brewed strong and sweetened heavily while hot, is the universal table drink. Lemonade in summer. Red Kool-Aid at a family meal. Coffee with dessert. Wine is unusual at the soul-food table; the more typical alcohol is a beer with dinner or a bourbon after. Soul food restaurants are often dry (especially in the South, where many remain on streets without liquor licenses). With sweet potato pie or peach cobbler, vanilla ice cream is the universal closer.

Where to eat it

Atlanta is the modern soul-food capital, with Mary Mac's Tea Room (since 1945), Paschal's (since 1947), and Busy Bee Cafe (since 1947) as the institution-grade restaurants. Harlem for Sylvia's (since 1962), Amy Ruth's, and Melba's. Detroit for Beans & Cornbread. Chicago for Pearl's Place and Lem's BBQ adjacent tradition. Washington DC for Florida Avenue Grill (since 1944). New Orleans for Dooky Chase (the late Leah Chase's restaurant). LA for Roscoe's House of Chicken and Waffles. The cuisine has had limited international export.

A short history

Soul food descends from the cooking of enslaved Black Americans on Southern plantations from the 17th century onward, drawing on West African agricultural traditions (rice, okra, black-eyed peas, leafy greens, peanut, watermelon), the Native American crops (corn, sweet potato, squash) of the region, and the cuts of meat and produce that the plantation system left to enslaved kitchens. The Great Migration of 1910 to 1970 carried the cuisine to Northern cities, where the term 'soul food' was coined in the 1960s as part of the Black cultural-pride movement. The cuisine has shaped American food broadly: fried chicken, mac and cheese, sweet potato pie, and barbecue all have Black-Southern lineage.

Frequently asked

What is the difference between soul food and Southern food?

Soul food is specifically Black Southern cooking, the tradition that emerged from enslaved Black communities and was codified in the 20th century. Southern food is the broader umbrella that includes both Black and white Southern cooking. The cuisines overlap heavily (fried chicken, biscuits, cornbread, sweet potato pie are shared), but soul food has its own institutions, restaurants, and cultural identity.

Is soul food the same as Cajun or Creole?

No. Cajun is southwest Louisiana Acadian cooking (gumbo, jambalaya, etouffee, boudin). Creole is New Orleans Afro-French-Spanish-Caribbean cuisine. Soul food is the broader Black Southern tradition; the Louisiana traditions are regional offshoots with their own ingredients (file powder, andouille, crawfish) and techniques.

Why is sweet potato called yam in soul food?

Historical naming. African enslaved people in the American South used the word 'yam' (from the West African word for yam, nyami) to refer to the New World sweet potato that they cooked in similar ways to the true African yam. Botanically they are different plants, but the name stuck in the Black Southern lexicon.

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